WHAT IS A MINIMALIST LIFESTYLE AND WHY SO MANY PEOPLE ARE CHOOSING IT

what is a minimalist lifestyle

A minimalist lifestyle is all about intentionally focusing on what matters most to you. It’s about getting rid of physical and mental clutter, which leads to greater clarity and joy in everyday life. Many people are embracing this way of living to reduce distractions and reclaim their time, creating space for true fulfillment. You don’t have to live in a tiny house or deprive yourself; it’s really about making mindful choices. If you’re curious about how to start simplifying your life and the benefits that come with it, there’s a lot more to uncover on this transformative journey.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Minimalism focuses on intentional living, prioritizing what truly matters and removing physical and mental clutter for a more fulfilling life.
  • The lifestyle is influenced by various philosophies, emphasizing simplicity, inner peace, and conscious consumption, especially during economic downturns.
  • Benefits include enhanced mental clarity, reduced distractions, emotional freedom, and improved financial independence through mindful spending and decluttering.
  • Minimalism promotes sustainable choices, encouraging eco-friendly practices and reducing waste through thoughtful consumption and donating excess items.
  • Common misconceptions include the idea that minimalism requires extreme living or deprivation; instead, it prioritizes personal values and intentional choices.

DEFINING MINIMALISM

Minimalism is a movement aimed at decluttering both physical and mental spaces. People who practice minimalism live with fewer belongings, and they approach minimalist living with an intentional mindset, developing strong organizational skills. When you think about minimalism, it might seem like a trendy buzzword that only applies to interior design or social media aesthetics. But it’s so much more than that! At its core, minimalism is about making intentional lifestyle choices that help you focus on what truly matters.

It’s about removing the clutter—both physical and mental—that weighs you down, so you can create space for the things that bring you joy and fulfillment.

The essential principles of minimalism revolve around simplicity and intentionality. Imagine this: you’re surrounded by only the items you genuinely love or use, and your home feels like a haven rather than a source of stress. You might start by decluttering your living space, but it doesn’t stop there.

Think about your schedule, your commitments, and even your relationships. What can you trim down?

I remember when I decided to embrace minimalism; I was overwhelmed by stuff and obligations. I started small, tackling one drawer at a time, and soon realized how freeing it felt. With each item I let go of, I created room for new experiences.

Minimalism isn’t about deprivation; it’s about making space for what enhances your life. When you adopt this lifestyle, you’ll find that you’re not just simplifying your surroundings, but you’re also clearing mental fog.

You’ll discover a sense of freedom that allows you to pursue your passions and live authentically. So, why not start today?

Historical Context of Minimalism

You might be surprised to learn that minimalism has roots stretching back centuries, influenced by various cultures and philosophies. Minimalist living is the opposite of boring. It removes mundane activities that take away from spending time with our loved ones. Once we rid ourselves of the unnecessary, we’re able to decide what will define our lives. Some travel the world full-time. Others will find themselves more involved in their families’ lives than ever before. Becoming minimalist frees us to live a bigger life with a more passionate pursuit of our greatest purpose and goals.

From ancient Zen practices to the modern-day simplicity movements, there’s a rich history that’s shaped how we view less is more today.

Understanding these origins can really help you appreciate the lifestyle and inspire your own journey towards simplicity.

Origins of Minimalism

Minimalism isn’t just a modern trend; it has roots stretching back thousands of years. Reflect on the ancient philosophies that emphasized living with less and valuing experiences over possessions. You might find inspiration in various forms of minimalism, from artistic minimalism to minimalist architecture.

Here are a few historical influences to ponder:

  • Buddhism: Advocating for simplicity and intentional living, promoting an essentialist mindset.
  • Stoicism: Encouraging the practice of aesthetic simplicity and focusing on what truly matters.
  • Modern Movements: Today, digital minimalism and minimalist fashion continue this legacy, emphasizing decluttering strategies that prioritize functionality and style.

Incorporating simplicity principles into your life can be liberating. You don’t need to live in a stark, empty space to embrace minimalism. Instead, focus on what brings you joy and fulfillment.

As you embrace this philosophy, remember that it’s about making conscious choices that resonate with your values. Whether you’re decluttering your home or simplifying your digital life, these changes can lead to a deeper sense of freedom.

Cultural Influences Over Time

Over time, cultural influences have shaped the way we comprehend and practice minimalism, making it a rich tapestry of ideas rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. You might notice that as societal values shift, so do our perspectives on what it means to live simply.

For example, during periods of economic downturn, people often embrace minimalism as a response to consumer behavior, seeking freedom from material constraints.

Artistic expression also plays a role; think about how minimalist art movements have inspired you to appreciate simplicity in design and form. Global influences, like Eastern philosophies, bring deeper philosophical roots to the conversation, encouraging you to focus on inner peace rather than accumulating possessions.

Technology impacts our lifestyle trends too. As we become inundated with constant information, many of us find solace in decluttering our digital lives, further embracing minimalism.

You might find it rejuvenating to step back, assess what truly matters, and create a life that aligns with your values. So, whether it’s a small decluttering project or a deeper philosophical shift, remember that minimalism is a personal journey shaped by the world around you.

Modern Minimalist Movements

In recent years, a wave of modern minimalist movements has emerged, reshaping how many people view simplicity in their lives. You might find yourself drawn to this simplicity philosophy, embracing intentional living as a way to declutter not just your space, but your mind too.

This journey often begins with exploring modern aesthetics, whether through minimalist design in your home or minimalist fashion choices that reflect your values.

Consider these aspects of modern minimalism:

  • Digital Minimalism: Reducing screen time and focusing on meaningful online interactions.
  • Conscious Consumption: Making intentional choices about what you buy, prioritizing quality over quantity.
  • Everyday Minimalism: Incorporating simplicity into daily routines to enhance well-being.

When I started practicing minimalist art, I realized it wasn’t just about what I owned; it was about what I truly valued.

If you’re looking to embrace this lifestyle, start small! Use decluttering tips to create space and breathe easier.

Remember, minimalism isn’t about deprivation; it’s about celebrating the freedom that comes from letting go.

Benefits of a Minimalist Lifestyle

When you embrace a minimalist lifestyle, you might be surprised at how much clearer your mind feels. Minimalist living is uncluttered by superfluous items like luxury cars, excessive clothing, and purely decorative furnishings. There can be many reasons someone chooses a minimalist lifestyle; they might want to simplify their life to reduce stress, improve their health, or reduce harm to the environment. They may also want to cut back on expenses and improve their budgeting and finances.

With fewer distractions and clutter, you can really focus on what matters, leading to a sense of financial freedom and even a lower environmental impact.

It’s about making room for what truly enriches your life—let’s explore how this can transform your everyday experiences!

Enhanced Mental Clarity

Embracing a minimalist lifestyle can feel like a rejuvenating change, clearing away the clutter that often clouds your mind. With fewer possessions competing for your attention, minimalism becomes a powerful form of self care, allowing you to reduce stress, regain focus, and create mental space for what truly nourishes you.

You’ll find that when you engage in mindful decluttering, you create space not just physically but mentally. Imagine waking up to a serene environment that fosters focused living. It’s a game changer.

Here are some ways you can enhance your mental clarity through minimalism:

  • Simplified choices: Fewer possessions mean you make quicker decisions, reducing decision fatigue.
  • Reduced distractions: A decluttered space minimizes visual chaos, allowing you to concentrate on what truly matters.
  • Emotional freedom: Letting go of excess can free you from the weight of past attachments, leading to a lighter mindset.

When I started to simplify my life, I noticed I could focus better on my passions and projects.

I stopped getting sidetracked by unnecessary tasks or items. You might discover that embracing less can actually lead to more—more clarity, more creativity, and more joy.

what is a minimalist lifestyle

FINANCIAL FREEDOM ACHIEVED

Achieving financial freedom often feels like a distant dream, but minimalism can help you get there faster than you think. By simplifying your life, you can focus on what truly matters and cut out unnecessary expenses.

I remember when I first embraced minimalism; I was drowning in debt, feeling overwhelmed by my financial obligations. But as I started decluttering my life, I noticed something amazing: my spending habits changed.

With budget simplification, you can easily track where your money goes. You’ll find it easier to prioritize essentials, making debt reduction a realistic goal.

For instance, instead of impulse buying that trendy gadget, you might choose experiences—like a weekend getaway or a cooking class—that bring more joy and value to your life.

As you let go of excess possessions, you’ll realize that financial freedom isn’t just about having more money; it’s about having fewer burdens.

Embrace this lifestyle, and you’ll not only free up your finances but also your mind, allowing you to pursue your passions and live life on your terms. Minimalism can truly be your path to financial independence.

Reduced Environmental Impact

By choosing a minimalist lifestyle, you’re not just simplifying your life; you’re also making a positive impact on the environment.

When you cut back on the clutter, you’re naturally drawn to sustainable practices and eco-friendly choices that help preserve our planet. I remember when I swapped my numerous gadgets for just a few essentials; I felt lighter, and my carbon footprint shrank.

Here are a few ways you can embrace this reduced environmental impact:

  • Buy Less, Choose Wisely: Focus on quality over quantity. Invest in durable products that last longer.
  • Declutter and Donate: Give away items you no longer need. It’s a win-win—less waste and helping others!
  • Mindful Consumption: Think about where your products come from. Opt for local and sustainable brands.

Adopting a minimalist approach encourages you to be intentional with your purchases.

Each eco-friendly choice you make not only benefits you but also creates a ripple effect, inspiring others to join in.

Common Misconceptions About Minimalism

Many people jump to conclusions about minimalism, often viewing it as an extreme lifestyle reserved for the ultra-committed. You might picture a stark room with only a bed and a chair, or think you have to give up everything you love. But let’s bust some of those minimalism myths right now.

One common misconception is that minimalists don’t enjoy life. In reality, minimalism is about making space for what truly matters to you. It’s not about deprivation; it’s about prioritizing your time and resources.

When I first embraced minimalism, I feared losing my favorite things, but I found that letting go of clutter opened my life to experiences and relationships that brought me genuine joy.

Another minimalist stereotype is that you have to live in a tiny house or adopt a nomadic lifestyle. Not true! Minimalism looks different for everyone. Maybe it means decluttering your closet or simplifying your schedule.

It’s about creating a lifestyle that gives you freedom, not constraining you to a one-size-fits-all mold.

And let’s not forget that minimalism isn’t just for the wealthy. You don’t need to buy expensive furniture or hire a designer to live minimally.

It’s about intentional choices, which anyone can make, regardless of their financial situation.

Practical Steps to Embrace Minimalism

Embracing minimalism doesn’t have to feel intimidating or like a major life overhaul. In fact, you can start small and gradually shift toward a more intentional way of living. Here are a few practical steps to get you started on your minimalist journey:

  • Assess your belongings: Take a good look at what you own. Ask yourself if each item serves a purpose or brings you joy.
  • Implement decluttering strategies: Try the ‘one in, one out’ rule. For every new item you bring in, let go of an old one. This keeps your space manageable and prevents accumulation.
  • Create a mindful routine: Dedicate a few minutes each day to declutter a specific area. This makes the task less intimidating and more achievable.

I remember when I first embraced minimalism; I felt lighter almost instantly. It was liberating to sift through items that no longer served me. Each piece I let go of created space—both physically and mentally. By intentionally slowing down and choosing what stays in your life, minimalism turns everyday decluttering into a meaningful self care activity that nurtures both mental clarity and emotional well-being.

The more I decluttered, the clearer my mind became, allowing me to focus on what truly mattered. Intentional living is about making choices that align with your values.

As you declutter and simplify, you’ll discover the freedom that comes from living with less. You’ll find that it’s not just about the stuff you own, but about creating a life that resonates with who you are.

Start your minimalist journey today, and enjoy the newfound clarity and freedom that comes with it!

Minimalism and Mental Well-being

Minimalism can considerably boost your mental well-being, and it’s often more impactful than you might expect. When I first embraced minimalism, I noticed a shift in my mindset almost immediately. With fewer possessions crowding my space, I found it easier to focus on what truly matters. Suddenly, my mind felt lighter, and I could breathe a little easier. As you simplify your surroundings and routines, minimalism naturally introduces practical self care ideas that support emotional balance, reduce overwhelm, and help you reconnect with what truly matters.

You might be surprised at how mindful consumption plays a significant role in this transformation. By being intentional about what you bring into your life, you not only reduce clutter but also minimize the mental load. Each item you choose to keep should spark joy or serve a purpose, making it easier to let go of the rest. Trust me, the sense of relief that comes from decluttering is worth it.

Emotional decluttering is equally essential. Just as you clear out physical items, take the time to assess your thoughts and feelings. Are there negative emotions or toxic relationships weighing you down? By simplifying your emotional landscape, you free yourself to pursue what truly brings happiness and fulfillment.

As you commence this journey, remember that mental well-being isn’t just about having less; it’s about creating space for more of what you love. You’ll discover that living with intention can lead to a more peaceful, balanced life.

The Future of Minimalist Living

The future of minimalist living is brighter than ever, and it’s exciting to think about where this journey can take you. As more people seek freedom from the chaos of consumerism, you might find yourself drawn to the simplicity and clarity that minimalism offers.

Embracing this lifestyle not only paves the way for a more intentional existence but also opens doors to vibrant minimalist communities where you can connect with like-minded individuals.

Imagine diving into digital minimalism, where you consciously curate your online experiences. You’ll find joy in disconnecting from the noise, allowing space for deeper connections and self-reflection. It’s about simplifying your digital life, just as you’d with your physical belongings.

Here’s what you can look forward to:

  • Growing support networks: Minimalist communities are thriving, providing encouragement, resources, and opportunities to share ideas.
  • Sustainable living: As minimalism evolves, you’ll likely see a stronger emphasis on eco-friendly practices, aligning your lifestyle with a commitment to the planet.
  • Personal fulfillment: With less clutter—both physical and mental—you can focus on passions and experiences that truly matter to you.

As you explore the future of minimalist living, remember that it’s a personal journey. You’re not just decluttering your space; you’re creating a life that reflects your values.

Embrace the freedom that comes with less, and let it guide you to a more meaningful existence.

what is a minimalist lifestyle

RELATED STUDIES ABOUT WHAT IS A MINIMALIST LIFESTYLE

In embracing a minimalist lifestyle, you’re not just decluttering your space; you’re freeing your mind. Imagine living in a cozy apartment with just your favorite books and a comfy chair. That simplicity can lead to clearer thoughts and less stress. Take inspiration from Sarah, who sold half her belongings and found joy in experiences over things. So, why not start small? Clear out one drawer today and feel the weight lift—who knows where this journey might take you!

The Environmental Impact and Wellbeing Benefits of Minimalism

Background and Objective

While technological improvements are critical, reducing consumption is also essential for meeting climate goals. This study examines minimalism—a voluntary low-consumption lifestyle focused on owning fewer possessions and mindful acquisition—as a potential pathway to reduce environmental impact and enhance wellbeing. The research aims to:

  1. Quantify the ecological footprint associated with minimalism.
  2. Assess its relationship with wellbeing (positive/negative affect, life satisfaction).
  3. Explore subdimensions of minimalism and their distinct outcomes.

Key Findings

  1. Minimalism and Environmental Impact
  • Minimalism is negatively associated with total ecological footprint.
  • The association varies across subdimensions:
    • “Few Belongings” (FB) minimalism showed the strongest negative correlation with footprint, including all subcomponents (food, housing, transport, goods).
    • “Mindful” minimalism correlated with lower total and food/housing footprints.
    • “Aesthetic” minimalism showed no significant correlation with environmental impact.
  • FB minimalists also had more energy-efficient homes, produced less waste, purchased fewer clothes, and owned fewer pets.
  1. Minimalism and Wellbeing
  • Minimalism is associated with higher positive affect and lower negative affect, but not with life satisfaction.
  • Wellbeing benefits were more pronounced among younger participants.
  • Other low-consumption lifestyles (voluntary simplicity, frugalism) also correlated with wellbeing, but minimalism was the only one not linked to demographic factors (age, income, gender), suggesting broader appeal.
  1. Characteristics of Minimalists
  • Minimalism is negatively correlated with materialism.
  • Minimalists report higher environmental concern, except for those scoring high on aesthetic minimalism.
  • No link was found between minimalism and subjective social status.
  1. Adoption and Appeal
  • 15.5% of participants identified as minimalists; an additional two-thirds expressed interest in or were actively working toward minimalism.
  • Minimalism appears more accessible than other low-consumption lifestyles because it requires no financial investment (e.g., solar panels, electric vehicles) and is available to renters and homeowners alike.

Conclusion

The study provides evidence that minimalism—particularly the “Few Belongings” and “Mindful” forms—offers a double dividend: it is associated with both a reduced ecological footprint and improved emotional wellbeing. Given its low barrier to entry and broad appeal, minimalism represents a scalable, voluntary lifestyle option that could contribute to consumption reduction, especially among high-income groups responsible for disproportionate emissions.

Limitations and Future Research

  • Reliance on self-reported data and a proprietary footprint calculator.
  • Cross-sectional design limits causal inference.
  • Wellbeing measures may not capture all dimensions (e.g., social connectedness, eudaimonia).
  • Future studies should use longitudinal or observational methods to track consumption and wellbeing over time.

Implications

  • Policy and advocacy could promote minimalism as a viable, wellbeing-enhancing path to sustainable consumption.
  • Emphasizing the “Few Belongings” and “Mindful” aspects—rather than purely aesthetic minimalism—may yield greater environmental benefits.
  • Further research should explore motivations and barriers to adopting minimalism to support effective behavioral and structural interventions.
REFERENCE: Rebecca Blackburn, Zoe Leviston, Iain Walker, The environmental impact and wellbeing benefits of minimalism, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Volume 104, 2025, 102618, ISSN 0272-4944, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102618. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027249442500101X

A Diversity of Sustainable Lifestyles in 2050: Future SLIM Scenario Narratives for Deep Climate Change Mitigation

Objective:

This study developed a set of four qualitative scenario narratives—collectively called Sustainable Living in Models (SLIM)—to explore how sustainable lifestyle changes can contribute to deep climate change mitigation by 2050. The scenarios integrate both qualitative narratives and quantitative modeling assumptions to bridge the gap between qualitative foresight and integrated assessment modeling.

Key Findings:

  1. Four SLIM Scenario Narratives:

The scenarios are built along two axes of uncertainty:

  • Values: Individualistic vs. collective.
  • Access to structural support: Centralized vs. distributed.

The four resulting scenarios are:

  • Designed World: Sustainable lifestyles by default, driven by top-down policies and technological innovation.
  • Global Commons: Inclusive global governance fostering collective, equitable sustainable living.
  • Big Village: Community-based, localized living with distributed support and shared resources.
  • Pocket Lifestyles: Peer-to-peer, tech-enabled sustainable practices driven by individual choices.
  1. Methodology:

The narratives were co-created through a transdisciplinary, iterative process involving experts in modeling, policy, lifestyle change, and foresight. Workshops were conducted online and in-person over several years, using scenario planning methods (e.g., Pierre Wack’s approach) to ensure plausibility, relevance, and strategic value.

  1. Integration of Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches:

Unlike previous studies that treat lifestyle changes either qualitatively or quantitatively, the SLIM narratives were designed to be translated into quantitative assumptions for integrated assessment models (specifically the IMAGE model). This allows for a more nuanced exploration of adoption rates, emission reductions, and system dynamics.

  1. Key Insights:
  • Lifestyle changes can significantly reduce emissions—IPCC estimates suggest a 40–70% reduction by 2050 is possible with supportive socio-cultural and infrastructural conditions.
  • No single pathway exists: Different contexts (values, support structures) yield different viable pathways to sustainable living.
  • Systemic enablers are critical: Policies, infrastructure, technology, and social norms must align to facilitate widespread lifestyle shifts.
  • Equity matters: Scenarios vary in their implications for social equity, inclusion, and Global North/South dynamics.
  1. Strategic Relevance:

The SLIM narratives are intended to support policymakers, modelers, and practitioners in:

  • Exploring robust, adaptive strategies for climate mitigation.
  • Challenging assumptions about future lifestyles and consumption patterns.
  • Informing policy design that integrates demand-side (lifestyle) and supply-side (technology) measures.

Conclusion:

The SLIM scenario narratives offer a holistic, evidence-based framework for envisioning and planning sustainable futures. They emphasize that lifestyle change is not merely an individual responsibility but a systemic opportunity, requiring coordinated action across society, governance, and technology. This work contributes to both academic discourse and practical climate policy by linking narrative foresight with quantitative modeling.

REFERENCE: Nicole J. van den Berg, Lauren Thu, Andries F. Hof, Vanessa J. Timmer, Lewis Akenji, Nicole-Anne Boyer, Detlef P. van Vuuren, A diversity of sustainable lifestyles in 2050: Future SLIM scenario narratives for deep climate change mitigation, Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 130, 2025, 104441, ISSN 2214-6296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104441. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629625005225

Guests’ Aesthetic Experience with Lifestyle Hotels: An Application of LDA Topic Modelling Analysis

Objective:

This study systematically explores the aesthetic experiences of guests at lifestyle hotels in China, combining big data analytics with qualitative content analysis to uncover key dimensions and themes in guest reviews.

Methodology:

  • Data Source: 11,239 online reviews (in Chinese) from 131 lifestyle hotels across eight major Chinese cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Xi’an, Lijiang, Hangzhou, Suzhou), collected from TripAdvisor.
  • Analytical Methods:
  1. Word Frequency Analysis to identify frequently mentioned terms.
  2. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) Topic Modelling to extract latent themes from the text.
  3. Manual Coding (content analysis) of a subset of 900 reviews to validate and deepen insights.

Key Findings:

  1. Word Frequency Insights:
  • The most frequent nouns were service (7,809 mentions), room (5,438), and front desk (4,761).
  • Adjectives such as passionate, comfortable, and thoughtful were prominent, highlighting emotional and experiential aspects.
  1. Ten Key Themes from LDA Analysis:
  • Service attitude and interaction (18.6%)
  • Hotel facilities and events (16%)
  • Surroundings, shopping, and dining (11.4%)
  • Service offerings, service level, and room preference (10.5%)
  • Entertainment facilities, room amenities, and design (10.2%)
  • Relaxation lifestyle (9.1%)
  • Surroundings and location (6.5%)
  • Travel-related elements (6.4%)
  • Hotel restaurant (6%)
  • Natural environment (5.1%)
  1. Aesthetic Experience Framework:

Lifestyle hotels serve three evolving functions:

  • High-end lodging (41% of reviews): Emphasizes service, room quality, food, and convenience.
  • Tourism destination (42.2%): Integrates local culture, art, recreation, and natural surroundings into the guest experience.
  • Event centre (16%): Provides venues for meetings, weddings, and other events, supported by professional service and ambiance.
  1. Cultural and Spiritual Dimensions:

Chinese guests seek not only functional comfort but also spiritual and cultural enrichment, valuing elements such as traditional design, natural harmony, artistic atmosphere, and culturally inspired locations (e.g., gardens, historical sites).

Implications:

  • Theoretical: Expands understanding of aesthetic consumption in hospitality, particularly in a non-Western context, and offers a new framework for analyzing lifestyle hotel experiences.
  • Practical: Suggests hotel managers should:
    • Enhance service quality and personalize guest interactions.
    • Integrate local cultural and natural elements into hotel design and offerings.
    • Develop hybrid “bleisure” (business + leisure) models that position hotels as multipurpose destinations.
    • Focus on traditional aesthetic principles (e.g., Zen atmosphere, south-facing rooms, garden-style architecture) to meet Chinese guest preferences.

Limitations & Future Research:

  • Limited to Chinese lifestyle hotels; future studies could include other hotel types and cultural contexts.
  • Relies on online reviews; empirical onsite data could further validate findings.
  • Does not link aesthetic experience to behavioral outcomes (e.g., satisfaction, loyalty); future research could explore these relationships.

Conclusion:

Lifestyle hotels in China are transitioning from mere accommodations to holistic experiential spaces that blend lodging, tourism, and event services. Understanding the aesthetic dimensions of guest experience—rooted in service excellence, cultural authenticity, and environmental harmony—enables hoteliers to better cater to the evolving demands of independent, experience-seeking travelers.

REFERENCE: Shun Ying, Guests’ Aesthetic experience with lifestyle hotels: An application of LDA topic modelling analysis, Heliyon, Volume 10, Issue 16, 2024, e35894, ISSN 2405-8440, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35894. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024119251

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